Colorectal Health and Cancer

The American Cancer Society estimated more than 104,000 new cases of colon cancer and more than 45,000 new cases of rectal cancer would emerge in 2021. Incidence of colorectal cancer depends on individual risk factors, including a history of inflammatory bowel disease, Type 2 diabetes, racial background and inherited conditions.

While you can't control genetic predisposition, you can control risk factors such as smoking, obesity and lack of physical activity. Limiting alcohol and red meat in your diet can also lower the overall health risk.

Simply by getting older, you can become at higher risk for getting colorectal cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, people at average risk should start regular screening at 45. Your doctor may recommend routine screening or increased vigilance because of additional risk factors.

One in three people who should be tested for colorectal cancer haven't even been screened. This is why only four out of 10 cases of cancer are found at an early stage, a devastatingly low figure as the five-year survival rate when these cancers are found early on is 90%. Multiple screening techniques allow doctors to detect cancer or the presence of precancerous polyps, from which colorectal cancer can grow. Recommended frequency of screening options can vary, including:

• Annually: fecal immunochemical test or fecal occult blood test
• Every three years: stool DNA test
• Every five years: virtual colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy
• Every ten years: colonoscopy

Many symptoms of colorectal cancer can also be caused by other conditions, according to the National Cancer Institute. Because colorectal cancer is more easily cured when detected early, you should see your doctor if you experience any of the following:

• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Blood in your stool, bleeding from your rectum or dark stool
• Changes in bowel habits, including constipation, diarrhea or narrow stool lasting more than a couple of days
• Persistent feeling that a bowel movement is necessary, even after having one
• Unexplained weakness, fatigue or weight loss

If your doctor finds cancer, several commonly used treatment can be highly effective, depending on how advanced the disease is. Surgery is the most common form of treatment, but your doctor may also incorporate chemotherapy, radiation or investigational therapies.

The best type of colorectal screening depends on your family medical history and lifestyle. Speak with your doctor about your risk factors and what screening is right for you.

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